Depth Perception
by: Katie McCarty
Monocular cues: depth cues that are available to each eye separately since the retinal disparity and convergence while looking ahead are slight
Relative size: Allows humans to determine how close and how big an object is compared to an object of known size
Ex: The moon appears closer in proximity to the earth when it is near the horizon than when it is high up in the sky because of we know the distance of trees and buildings on the horizon, but we have nothing to compare it to when it is high up in the sky. (http://www.alleydog.com/glossary/definition.php?term=Relative%20Size)
Ex: The moon appears closer in proximity to the earth when it is near the horizon than when it is high up in the sky because of we know the distance of trees and buildings on the horizon, but we have nothing to compare it to when it is high up in the sky. (http://www.alleydog.com/glossary/definition.php?term=Relative%20Size)
Interposition: If one object is partially blocked by another, we perceive it as being closer to us
Ex: In this picture, the hot air balloon appears to be closer than the others because it is partially blocking all of the other hot air balloons.
Ex: In this picture, the hot air balloon appears to be closer than the others because it is partially blocking all of the other hot air balloons.
https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/42/79/62/427962eb4372d08bd358e8d74f303f09.gif
Relative clarity: Because light from distant objects passes through more atmosphere, we perceive
hazy objects as farther away than sharp, clear objects
Ex: In this photo, the stack of rocks are in much clearer view than the ocean and the clouds, so the rocks appear much closer to us than the ocean.
http://www.michelemmartin.com/.a/6a00d83451fd2469e20192abef739b970d-pi
Texture Gradient: A gradual change from a coarse, distinct texture to a fine, indistinct texture signals increasing distance. Objects far away appear smaller and more densely packed
Ex: In this painting, the red flowers in the foreground are farther apart from one another, making them appear closer to the eye. And as you travel farther back into the painting, the flowers are placed much closer together to give the allusion they are farther away.
http://www.macalester.edu/academics/psychology/whathap/UBNRP/aesthetics/image/depth06.jpg
Relative Height: We perceive objects higher in our field of vision as farther away.
Ex: In this picture, the mountains are higher in our field of vision than the bulls traveling in the field, so the mountains appear to be much farther away than the bulls.
https://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/1873/flashcards/777590/jpg/clouds.jpg
Relative Motion: As we move, objects that are actually stable may appear to move.
Ex: In this picture, the guy is looking out the window at the cars in the parking lot, and the cars appear to move since he is moving as well, but in actuality they are stable in the parking lot.
Linear Perspective: Parallel lines, such as railroad tracks, appear to converge with distance. The more the lines converge, the greater their perceived distance.
Ex: In this picture, the railroad tracks are indeed parallel, but they appear to get closer and closer together, until they appear to converge because of how far away they are getting.
http://study.com/cimages/multimages/16/railroad_tracks.png
Binocular Cues: cues that are taken in by both eyes together, instead of separately(monocular), which helps to create 3D images in our eyes (http://study.com/academy/lesson/binocular-cues-definition-examples.html)
Retinal Disparity: Our eyes are about 6 centimeters apart from one another, so each eye has a slightly different view than the other, especially with angles and corners of objects (http://study.com/academy/lesson/binocular-cues-definition-examples.html)
Ex: In this image, you can see that when you put your finger against the tree with both eyes open, then close one at a time, the tree appears to move next to the finger because of the different angles between the eyes.
http://oerpub.github.io/epubjs-demo-book/resources/1423_Retinal_Disparity.jpg
Ex: Like in this image, if you hold a pencil at arms length, you can see it pretty clearly without much effort. but the closer you bring it in to your face, the more your eyes have to turn in and the more effort it takes for the eyes to refocus the pencil.
http://www.kevinobrien.com.au/stock/convergence_excess.jpg
