Perceptual Constancies

Perceptual Constancies- the tendency of animals and humans to see familiar objects as having standard shape, size, color, or location. Regardless of changes in the angle of perception, distance, or lighting.

Size Constancy- within a certain range people's perception of one particular objects size will not change regardless distance or video size.

Brightness Constancy- a sheet of white paper seen in the bright sunlight and reflects a very different amount of light on the same sheet of paper

Shape Constancy- refers to the phenomenon in which the percept of the shape of a given object remains despite changes in the shape of the retinal image

Figure-ground Perception

Figure-ground Perception: the visual system's ability to recognize objects; in Gestalt it is identifying a figure from the background : ex: Here we see a candle stick, which is the background, then we see 2 faces

https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/42/8d/7c/428d7c2caec1762c22d4c2b0d7fbc87b.jpg

Reversible Figures

Reversible Figures: optical illusion image where one image is able to be perceived as two or more different images, ex: in this image, both a duck and a rabbit are visible

https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/09/d3/3b/09d33be51389316e7b9e94571b55ecb3.jpg

Phi Phenomenon

Phi Phenomenon: the optical illusion when you see a  movement from a still image; mostly often seen in optical illusions, ex: in this image you can see a ripple effect

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwigtqzH7YjQAhUE64MKHZUCCH0QjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.babaimage.com%2Fimage%2Fdisplaying-17-images-for-max-wertheimer-phi-phenomenon&psig=AFQjCNFD_nOKfuNKKHJ_qudenwO31QBWlw&ust=1478134242993098

Perception of Movement

Perception of Movement (stroboscopic motion): a visual phenomenon where we see movement as a series of "pictures", and not a continuously moving object

                                    We do not see the dinosaur running; we see it as a series of "pictures"

Clousure

Closure: explains how humans fill in visual gaps of an image to make it complete.

for example if you see look up in the sky, and see a lot of stars, you will still be able to locate the big dipper even though you only know half of how it looks.

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwj73bHHkYjQAhVr6IMKHRKdBA0QjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fholykaw.alltop.com%2F5-fun-facts-about-the-big-dipper&psig=AFQjCNFzL01ApskATzhAr1h5IN1hX5Eysw&ust=1478109614562094












Continuity: states the people tend to group forms in line and patterns as being similar
for example in the following picture with the geese, we perceive the formation to be a big "V"
 




https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjsxN6YxYjQAhUo0oMKHetwA-8QjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Feasyscienceforkids.com%2Fall-about-geese%2F&psig=AFQjCNF2IzDSbGsCivzxr-8PQx0WJX4N4Q&ust=1478123474335131

Similarity: objects that are similar in appearance are perceived to be identical.

for example, in the picture to the left, most people see a horizontal grouping of pink triangles and blue windmill shape.

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjvgY23xYjQAhXk54MKHdCgDH4QjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.3rootsstudios.com%2Finspiration-graphic-design-gestalt%2F&psig=AFQjCNEktgmsF4otUzKGmTJTq3Jb9JrHDQ&ust=1478123541511514

Proximity: objects that are close together are more likely perceived as being in the same group

the image to the right, shows people that are close together, so we precise these people as being in the same group.